The Long-term Doldrums
Cat: ECO
Pub: 2002
#: 0204b
Masaru Kaneko
02228u/18205r
Title
The Long-term Doldrums
長期停滞
Author
Masaru Kaneko
金子 勝
Published
Aug. 2002
2002年8月
Index
Tag
; ; Apparent inconsequence; Call money market; Crowding out; Credit; Currency multiplier; Dead trap; Deregualtion & privatization; Direct investment; Easy compliance; Global recession; Inflation target; Market value accounting; New economy mythology; Security investment; Service trade; Transmission mechanism of capital; Window-dressing; ;
Why?
This book briefs the economic situation in Japan around the turn
of the century. Concurrently this book also indicates social philosophical
viewpoint to prevent extreme market fundamentalism.
この本は、世紀の狭間の頃の日本の経済状態の問題点を端的に述べている。と同時に、この小さな本は過激な市場原理主義を食い止めるための社会哲学的な本でもある。
Summary
要約
>Top 0. Collapse of "fundamentalism
of market mechanism":
- Economists are the kind of most incredible persons, because they
are;
- runarounds about the situation, which leads to the antipode
opinion, resulting in apparent inconsequence.
- one day saying, "Price-slashing by deregulation"
- another day, "Counter-deflation by deregulation"
- then another day, "Job creation of 300 thousands by deregulation"
- and submit nebulous and ad hoc 'large-boned' policies of government.
- >Top Deregulation and privatization by Thatcherism and Reganomics
meant downturn of prices as well as increase of unemployment.
- They never think what occurs if Thatcherism or Reganomics
was adopted under the deflation economy.
- Contradiction of "treatment of bad loans in the market, and
selection of inefficient banks.
- Nationalization of private banks, while privatization of postal
savings.
- >Top Easy compliance of so-called global standard:
Is Japan a colony of US intelligence (Washington consensus = DOT+
Wall Street + IMF) ?
- Financial big bang without strategy
- BIS's capital adequacy guideline
- Current value accounting
- Consolidated cash flow statement
- Bankruptcy of Enron ($16B debt)
- Off balance transaction of derivatives
- Impotent auditors (destroying evidence & breach of
trust)
- Corruption & political donation ($21M to Bush)
- Collapse of 401k defined-contribution pension by Enron
scandal.
- Window-dressing settlement:
- Quest Communications, Global Crossing, Xerox, Adelphia
Communications, Tyco International
- Worldcom (Jun. 2002) ($41B debt)
- Historical perception:
unexperienced things are occurring;
- Collapse of IT bubble economy (from Dec. 2000)
- Koizumi's "Large-boned policy" as of Apr. 2001:
beyond cognizance of collapse of IT bubble.
- V-shaped recovery or long-term doldrums
- Loss of back flow mechanism of US$:
- War as the maximum public works
- Twin deficits: Trade deficit + Financial deficit
- Baby boomers; becoming pensionable generation
- Ignorance of unprecedented long-term doldrums
- US: war as the maximum public works
0.市場原理主義の破綻:
- 経済学者ほど信用ならない人間はいない。
- その場しのぎの状況に対応している内に、本来の考え方と正反対の主張に行き着く
→救いようのない論理破綻
- 曰く「規制緩和による価格破壊」
- 曰く「規制緩和によるデフレ対策」
- 曰く「規制緩和による30万人雇用創出」
- 政府の不透明なアドホックな骨太方針
- サッチャー/レーガンによる規制緩和と民営化の政策は物価下落と同時に失業率増加を意味した。
- 彼らは、デフレ経済下でこれらの政策を行えば何か起こるか考えない。
- 「不良債権を市場で処理し、非効率な銀行淘汰する」政策の矛盾:
- 銀行の国有化、一方では郵貯の民営化
- グローバルスタンダードへの安易な追従:
日本は、米国の知的植民地か
- 戦略なき金融ビッグバン
- BIS自己資本比率規制
- 時価会計
- 連結キャッシュフロー計算書
- エンロンの倒産(負債:$160億)
- 金融デリバティブの簿外取引
- 無能な監査法人 (証拠隠滅)
- 汚職、政治献金 (ブッシュへ$21M)
- 401K確定拠出型年金の崩壊(エンロン)
- 粉飾決算:
- クエスト・コミュニケーションズ、グローバル・クロッシング、ゼロックス、アデルフィア・コミュニケーションズ、タイコ・インターナショナル
- ワールドコム(02/6)($410億ドル)
- 歴史認識:
未経験の出来事が起こっている
- ITバブル経済の崩壊(2000/12より)
- 小泉の骨太方針 (2001/4)
ITバブル崩壊の認識なし
- V字形景気回復対長期停滞
- ドル還流メカニズムの喪失:
- 最大の公共事業たる戦争
- 双子の赤字:貿易赤字+財政赤字
- 団塊の世代の年金受給世代化
- 長期停滞という時間認識なし
- 米国:最大の公共事業としての戦争
>Top 1. Long-term Doldrums:
- Three kinds of waves: by Schumpeter
-
- 50 year wave (Kondratieff cycle):
- Change of the industry leader
- 9-10 year wave (Juglar cycle):
- Bubble economy and its collapse
- 3 year wave (Chicken inventory cycle)
- Silicon cycle (semiconductor recession)
- Noteworthy middle-term cycle:
- Heavy & Chemical Industry is an increasing returns industry.
- scale economy will be advantageous.
- financial control and industrial policy to avoid over
investment. he(Japanese convoy system)
- Financial liberalization policy; causes
- fierce transfer of international short-term funds
- bubble and its collapse
- fluctuation of asset price (rather than production &
consumption) leads economy
- Myth of Greenspan, chairman of Federal Reserve Board:
- Quick bank-rate policy and easing of money supply.
- A hegemon tries to maintain its position by its financial
assets and financial intermediary function after decline of
the industrial base.
- caused increase of financial volatility.
- >Top 2001: Global recession after 70 years:
- Compound cycle of middle and long-term waves,
- which happened since oil crisis in 1970s.
- also resembles to the Great Depression in 1930s.
- Inflow of global fund to the new technologies like
car, electric appliances, synthetic textile, telephone
, radio
- Debacle in stocks on Thu. Oct. 24 1929: the Black
Thursday.
- shrinking world trade, causing shrinking the market and
deflation.
- Rise of nationalism and reactionism
- conflicts between lower income people and immigrant
labors
- "History repeats itself, first as a tragedy, second as
a comedy. (K. Marks)"
- 1920s (Similar chronicle):
- 1920: bankruptcy of several banks such as Kochi commercial
bank, Nihon shokuzen bank, Kyushu bank, Taiwan bank and
run on the bank
- 1923: Tokyo Earthquake
- 1925: Peace Preservation Law; freedom of speech severely
restricted
- 1927: financial crisis and enormous bad debts
- 1928-29: bubble in US
- 1929: Black Thursday
- 1930: removal of gold embargo (aiming global standard)
- 1931: Manchurian Incident
- 1937: Sino-Japanese War (-1945)
- 1990s:
- 1991: collapse of bubble economy
- 1994-: bankruptcy of several credit corporations (Anzen,
Kizu, Tokyo-kyowa) and injection of public fund to housing
loan companies (Jusen)
- 1997: bankruptcy of Hokkaido-takushoku bank and Yamaichi
securities
- 1999: US NASDAQ bubble and its collapse (2000)
- 2001: Koizumi cabinet, trying reform and disposal of bad
loans
- 2001-02: BIS capital adequacy, International Accounting
Standard; causing employment mobility ("painful reforms")
- 2001-02: political scandals
1.長期停滞現象:
- 3つの波:シュンペーターの指摘
- 50年周期:コンドラチェフ循環
- 産業の交替
- 9-10年周期:ジュグラー中間循環
- バブル経済とその破綻
- 3年周期:チキン在庫循環
- シリコンサイクル(半導体不況)
- 中期の波動に注目:
- 重化学産業は収穫逓増産業
- 規模の経済を追求すれば有利
- 過剰投資を避けるための金融統制や産業政策 (護送船団方式)
- 金融自由化政策
- 国際短期資金の激しい移動
- バブルとバブルの破綻
- 生産・消費よりも資産価格の上下が景気を主導
- 連邦準備制度理事会議長グリーンスパン神話:
- 素早い金利政策、量的金融緩和策
- 覇権国は、産業基盤が衰退しても、金融資産と金融仲介機能によってその地位を保持しようとする。
- 金融浮動性が高まる
- 2001: 70年ぶりの世界同時不況:
- 中期の波動と長期の波動の重複
- 1970年代の石油ショック以来
- 1930年代の大恐慌に似ている
- 自動車、電化製品、化学繊維、電話、ラジオなど新技術への世界資金の流入
- 1929.10.24:暗黒の木曜日の株暴落
- 貿易縮小と市場の縮小とデフレ不況をもたらした。
- ナショナリズムと反動主義の台頭
- 低所得者と移民労働者との利害対立
- 歴史は繰り返す、最初は悲劇として、二度目は喜劇として(K. マルクス):
- 1920年代: (同じような年表)
- 1920年:銀行倒産 (高知商業銀行、九州銀行、台湾銀行等)、おより取り付け騒ぎ
- 1923:関東大震災
- 1925:治安維持法
- 1927:金融危機、巨大不良債権
- 1928-29:米国バブル
- 1929:暗黒の木曜日
- 1930:金輸出解禁
- 1931:満州事変
- 1937:日中戦争(-45)
- 1990年代:
- 1991:バブル経済の崩壊
- 1994-:安全・木津・東京協和等の信用組合破綻、および住専への公的資金注入
- 1997:北海道拓殖銀行、山一証券破綻
- 1999: 米国NASDAQバブルおよびその崩壊(2000)
- 2001:小泉内閣成立、構造改革と不良債権処理模索
- 2001-02:自己資本比率規制、国際会計基準:雇用流動化の圧力(痛みを伴う改革)
- 2001-02:政治スキャンダル
>Top 2. Globalization and Collapse of Bubble:
- Three phases of globalization:
- Phase-1:
- 1980s: oil dollars impelled euro dollar.
- 1985: Plaza agreement; depreciation of US$
- 1986: stockbrokerage big ban in UK
- 1987.10: Black Monday
- 1988: First BIS capital adequacy (Global 8%, Local 4%);
aiming credit risk
- 1997: Second BIS capital adequacy: Value at Risk (VaR);
aiming trading risk (maximum risk of 99% transaction)
- 1998: Russian default (1% probable risk)
- 2005: Third BIS capital adequacy (credit rating by third
party)
- Phase-2:
- 1990s: US cutdown of interest rate and over-the counter
derivative transaction
- 1990s: Washington consensus (MOF, Wall St, IMF)
- Financial crisis:
- Europe (1992),
- Mexico (1994),
- Argentine (1995),
- East Asia (1997),
- Russia (1998)
- 1999: Nasdaq bubble (IT & bio)
- >Top Phase-3:
- 2000.3: Nasdaq recorded 5049 point: New Economy mythology (Deficit amount: Priceline $1B, Amazon.com $0.7B)
- 1990s: US is the sole winner; flying speculative fund
deals 'future' (interest, derivative)
- 1990s: International Accounting System:
- Consolidated Cash Flow = Profit after tax + Depresssiation-Investment-working
capital increase
2.グローバリゼーションとバブル崩壊:
- グローバリゼーションの3局面:
- 第一局面:
- 1980年代:石油危機がユーロダラー市場を発展
- 1985:プラザ合意、$安
- 1986:英、証券ビックバン
- 1987:暗黒の月曜日
- 1988:第二次BIS規制;自己資本比率(国際取引8%、国内4%)
- 1997:第二次BIS規制:VaR、99%の取引の最大リスク見積
- 1998:ロシア・デフォルト危機(1%の確率のリスク発生)
- 2005:第三次BIS規制(第三者による格付導入)
- 第二局面:
- 1900年代:米、金利引き下げ、店頭でのデリバティブ取引
- 1990年代:ワシントン合意(財務省、Wall St.、IMF)
- 金融危機:
- 欧州(1992)、
- メキシコ(1994)、
- アルゼンティン(1995)、
- 東アジア(1997)、
- ロシア(1998)
- 1999:Nasdaqバブル (IT、BIO)
- 第三局面:
- 2000.3:Nasdaq、歴史的高値5049ポイント、ニューエコノミー神話 (Priceline赤字$10億、Amazon.com赤字$7億)
- 1990s:米が唯一の勝ち馬、投機資金は未来、即ち、金利、デリバティブを取引する。
- 1990年代:
- 連結キャッシュフロー=税後利益+減価償却-投資-運転資金増加
>Top 3. Slow Panic:
- Historic changing period:
$B
US
EU
JPN
EAsia
Out-Total
US
128
68
113
309
EU
145
45
120
310
JPN
113
63
174
350
EAsia
180
124
121
425
In-Total
438
315
234
407
Global concurrent recession is not only a phase of boom-bust cycle
but historic change.
- Global economy begins to shrink by collapse of mechanism of
world trade and supply of money.
- Following charts are world trade of goods, services, and balance
of direct investment as of 1996.
- <- Table-1: World trade
of goods among quadrupole
(US, EU, Japan, and, East Asia) in $ billion.
- US shows deficit of trade of goods.
$B
US
EU
JPN
EAsia
Out-Total
US
72
42
51
165
EU
54
28
0
82
JPN
20
11
24
55
EAsia
27
0
33
60
In-Total
101
83
103
75
<- >Top Table-2: World trade of services among quadrupole
(US, EU, Japan, and, East Asia).
But US shows surplus of trade
of services.
$B
US
EU
JPN
EAsia
Out-Total
US
348
15
65
428
EU
372
7
38
417
JPN
94
44
78
216
EAsia
6
6
121
1
134
In-Total
472
398
143
182
<- >Top Table-3: Balance of direct investment among
quadrupole (US, EU, Japan, and, East Asia).
US fills up current balance of payment by capital account. US shows
surplus of $24B from EU, and $79B from Japan, while causes deficit
of $119B from Latin America, $38B from Canada, and $59B from East
Asia.
$B
US
EU
JPN
EAsia
Out-Total
US
272
100
75
447
EU
486
174
0
660
JPN
149
170
102
421
EAsia
152
0
98
1
250
In-Total
787
442
372
177
<- >Top Table-4: Balance of securities investment among quadrupole (US, EU, Japan, and, East Asia).
US shows surplus of $214B from EU, $49B from Japan, $77B from East
Asia, and $51B even from Latin America. The total inflow of fund to
US accumulates $100B in 1992, and $400B in 1996. This is reflux mechanism
of world capital.
- >Top Transmission mechanism of world capital:
World economy depends heavily on such vulnerable bubble allergic
structure of US.
- Floating foreign exchange system and financial volatility:
- Under gold currency standard, money contraction will not occur.
- Today, each nation bolsters liquidity in banking system. (actually
almost zero interest policy)
- East Asian countries: shifted to floating exchange system,
totally depends on export to US.
- There is no rule of change of hegemon unlike gold currency
standard.
- BIS guideline and International Accounting System are also
global standard like gold currency standard, but the former
reflects US culture.
- Corporations and financial institutions function beyond
the border of a nation state.
3.ゆっくりとしたパニック:
- 歴史的転換期:
世界同時不況は、単なる景気循環の一局面ではなく、歴史的転換期
- 貿易と資金供給構造が崩れると世界経済は縮小する。
- 図1:財貿易の4極関係
(米国、EU、日本、東アジア) 単位十億ドル
米国は財貿易で赤字。
- 図2:サービス貿易の4極関係
(米国、EU、日本、東アジア) 米国は財貿易で黒字。
- 図3:直接投資残高の4極関係
(米国、EU、日本、東アジア)
米国は経常収支の穴を資本収支の黒字で埋めている。米国の海外直接投資残高は、EUからは$240億の黒字、日本からは$790億の黒字の一方で、中南米から$1190億、カナダへは$380億、東アジアへの$590億の赤字を記録。
- 図4:証券投資その他の4極関係
(米国、EU、日本、東アジア)
米国はEUからは$2140億、日本から$490億、東アジアから$770億、中南米からも$510億もの黒字を記録。USへの資金流入は、1992年に$1000億、1996年には$400億にまで膨張。
- 世界資金環流メカニズム:
世界経済は、USのバブル経済体質という脆い基盤の上に依存。これが世界の資金環流構造である。
- 変動相場制と金融浮動性
- 金本位制では通貨収縮が起こりやすい
- 今日では各国は協調して量的金融緩和実施(実質金利はゼロに近い)
- 東アジア諸国は変動相場制に移行。米国への輸出に全面依存
- 金本位制のような覇権国交替のルールはない。
- BIS規制や国際会計基準も、金本位制と同様にグローバルスタンダード。ただし前者は米国の文化的背景あり。
- 企業や金融機関は国民国家のルールを越えて機能
>Top 4. Bad Loans - fatal
injury:
- Chronology of bad loans in Japan:
- 1994-95: Bankruptcy of Tokyo-kyowa, Anzen, Kizu Credit Union.
- Estimated bad loans of major banks: around $400B
- 1996: injected public fund $57B to Housing Loan Firm (Jusen).:
- 1997: insolvency of Hokkaido Takushoku Bank, and Yamaichi
Securities.
- 1998: injected public fund $15B to major banks. Adjacently
Long-Term Credit Bank of Japan and Nippon Credit Bank were broken
up.
- 1998: Financial Revitalization Law prepared public fund ¥60T
($500B).
- 1999: Strategic Economic Council report by Heizo Takenaka:
- Freezed management responsibility of banks for 3 years.
- Injected public fund ¥7.5T ($62B) to major banks.
- 2000: dept of bankrupted companies: ¥26T ($216B) 2.4 times
year-on-year.
- 2002: Bad loans of major banks totaling ¥60T, self-evaluation
basis
- Disposal of bad loans by major banks:
- ¥13T ($108B) (1995/97/98)
- ¥7T ($583B) (1999)
- ¥6T ($500B) (2000)
- ¥8T ($666B) (2001)
- Procedures of bad loan disposal:
- Compulsory injection of public fund
- Responsibility of management of bank:
criminal and civil responsibility
- Window-dressing account,
- breach of trust,
- financing through favoritism, etc
- >Top Market value accounting:
- 60% of falling share price is counted in.
- 2002: pay off of time deposit
- Too big to fail: the case of Daiei; debt write-offs of \520B
- May 2002: "bottoming out" declaration by Japanese government.
- Scenario of nationalization of banks.
- Vicious cycle by three deflations:
- asset deflation: decade continuous devaluation of land
- consumption deflation: unrest of pension plan and health
insurance
- import deflation: reverse-import of Chinese products
- Abnormal policy: "Inflation target" policy
4.致命傷的な不良債権問題:
- 不良債権の経緯:
- 1994-95:東京協和、安全、木津信用組合の破綻、住専の不良債権明らかになる
- 大手銀行の不良債権40-50兆円と推計
- 1996:公的資金6850億円を住専に投入
- 1997:北海道拓殖銀行、山一證券破綻
- 1998:大手銀行に1.8兆円公的資金投入。直後に日本長期信用銀行と日本債券信用銀行破綻。
- 1998:金融再生法で60兆円の公的資金準備
- 1999:経済戦略会議 (竹中)報告:
- 銀行の経営責任3年間棚上げ。
- 銀行に7.5兆円公的資金投入。
- 2000年度倒産金額:26兆円 (前年の2.4倍)
- 2002:銀行の不良債権残高60兆円(自己査定)
- 銀行の不良債権処理額:
- 13兆円(1995/97/98)
- 7兆円(1999)
- 6兆円(2000)
- 8兆円(2001)
- 不良債権処理策
- 公的資金の強制投入
- 経営者責任:刑事と民事責任
- 会計粉飾、
- 背任、
- 情実融資等
- 時価会計主義:
- 株価下落の60%算入
- 2002:定期預金ペイオフ
金融システム不安の恒常化
- Too big to fail:
ダイエー5,200億円債権放棄
- 2002.5:日本経済不況底入れ「宣言」
- 銀行国有化のシナリオ
- 3つのデフレによる悪循環:
- 資産デフレ:地価10年以上下落
- 消費デフレ:年金、健康保険動揺
- 輸入デフレ:中国製品逆輸入
- 異常な政策:インフレ・ターゲット
>Top 5. Freak Economic
Policy:
- Abnormal macro policy since 1997 in Japan:
- Public works policy by budget deficit
- to promote repayment of bad loans.
- ineffective economic-stimulus measure
- Monetary policy by record-low interest rates and quantitative
easing of money supply
- to help liability relief
- easier issuance of more government bond
- purchase of government bond by banks without deteriorating
balance sheet.
\70T ($636B)/2002.3
- Cheaper yen policy in foreign exchange market
- increase of export
- outpouring funds to US
- again increase of export
- Vicious cycle of deflation:
- employment instability by corporate restructuring
- increasing consumers' anxiety of futures
- price plunge
- further deterioration of corporate earnings
- increase of public debit outstanding (national + local):
- ¥693T ($6.3T) 1.4 times of GDP
- 0.6 times of GDP in 1990s
- Only hyper-inflation or revolution could solve historically
this level of public debit.
- Domestic savings: ¥1,400T ($12T)
- >Top Foreseen crisis:
- "Crowding out" effect:
Financial deficit pushes out private investment to cause increase
of interest rate.
- "Dead trap" situation:
New issuance of government bond is spent for debt service
- Endless buying operation of government bond by BOJ
- Continuing decline of trade surplus
- Endless credit crunch
- Currency in circulation is not increasing.
- "Currency Multiplier"= (M2 + Certificate of
Deposit) / Base money
- "Base money" is the sum of cash held by private
sector and deposit balance of private banks at BOJ.
- The third BIS guideline in 2005:
risk weight of stocks and government bond owned by banks
- Paralysis of Call Money Market:
- decrease of operational profit
- rapid decrease of overnight unsecured call money
- >Top Problem of "Inflation Target" Policy:
This policy has following difficulties:
- How to make an inflation?
- What will be credibility of the central bank, when it bought
bad loans.
- Is is possible to control the inflation?
- Past policy was to curb the inflation.
- What will happen when the inflation occurs?
- actually banks crash (loss from bond revaluation)
- Who can control the inflation?
- limited staff of BOJ (autarchy of technocrat)
5.迷走する経済政策:
- 1997年以降の異常なマクロ政策:
- 財政赤字による公共事業政策
- 不良債権の返済促進
- 景気刺激策としては効果なし
- 超低金利誘導と量的金融緩和政策
- 債務負担軽減
- 大量の国債発行を容易に
- 銀行による国債大量購入 (自己資本比率の分母への算入なし)
70兆円/2001年末
- 円安誘導政策
- 輸出増加
- 米国への資金流出
- 輸出の再増加
- デフレの悪循環:
- 企業リストラによる雇用不安定
- 消費者の将来不安
- 物価下落
- 企業収益の更なる悪化
- 債務残高増加 (国+地方)
- 693兆円、GDPの1.4倍
- 1990年代は0.6倍
- 歴史的にはハイパーインフレか革命のみ解決可能
- 危機の予測:
- クラウディング・アウト:
財政赤字が民間投資を圧迫して金利を押し上げる効果
- デット・トラップ状況:
新規国債を発行しても既発国債の元利償還費を賄うだけになる状況
- 日銀による永久国債買いオペ
- 貿易黒字縮小傾向
- 止まらない信用収縮
- 貨幣乗数の減少:
- 貨幣乗数とは、M2 +CD をベースマネーで割った数値。
- べースマネーとは民間が持つ現金+民間金融機関がもつ中央銀行預け金の合計。
- コール市場の麻痺:
- コール市場での運用利益減
- 無担保コール翌日物の急落
- インフレ・ターゲット政策の問題点:
この政策には以下の難点がある。
- どうやってインフレにできるのか。
- 中央銀行が不良債権購入すれば、その信用はどうなるか。
- インフレをコントロールできるのか。
- 今まではインフレ抑制としてのインフレターゲットだった。
- 実際にインフレが起きるとどういう結果になるのか。
- 実際には銀行が破綻する。
(国債評価損)
- 誰がインフレをコントロールするのか。
- 日銀スタッフ
(テクノクラート独裁)
>Top 6. Beyond Doldrums:
- "Credit" is the base of market economy:
- gradual 'run on the banks': savings under the mattresses
- decrease of life insurance policy
- breakdown of scheduled M&A
- Restructuring to recover credibility:
- Reform of pension plan: from annual premium to contributed
tax
- Unification of pension plan and health insurance
- Policy of decentralization
autonomous cycle of local economy
- Break away from dependence on US bubble economy
- Economic corporation of east Asian countries.
- Middle and long-term strategy (not a clutch player)
- Recovery of political power
- Galapagos Islands-like Political situation:
- In EU and US, political axis is "Keynesian Social-democratic"
vs. "New Right Conservative"
- In Japan, political axis is "Keynesian Conservative"
vs. "Hawkish position + market fundamentalist"
6.長期停滞を越えて:
- 信用が市場経済の基盤:
- 静かな取り付け:箪笥預金の増加
- 生命保険契約の減少
- 予定されたM&Aの破綻
- 信用を回復する制度改革:
- 年金制度改革:保険料方式から拠出税方式へ
- 年金と健康保険の一元化
- 地方分権政策
地域経済の自律的循環
- 米国バブル経済依存からの脱却
- 東アジアの地域経済協力
- 中長期的戦略(安易な一発主義ではなく)
- 政治の力の回復
- ガラパゴス諸島的政治状況:
- 欧米では「ケインジアン社民」対「ニーライト保守」
- 日本では「ケインジアン保守」対「タカ派路線+市場原理主義」になっている。
Comment
- Japanese
economy is now stuck in a rut situation.
This book contains cool key words to escape from it.
- 日本経済は、現在閉塞状況に陥っている。
この本にはそこからの脱出のキーワードが含まれている。
The Long-term Doldrums
|
Cat: ECOPub: 2002#: 0204b |
|
Masaru Kaneko |
02228u/18205r |
Title |
The Long-term Doldrums | 長期停滞 |
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Author |
Masaru Kaneko | 金子 勝 |
Published |
Aug. 2002 | 2002年8月 |
Index |
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Tag |
; ; Apparent inconsequence; Call money market; Crowding out; Credit; Currency multiplier; Dead trap; Deregualtion & privatization; Direct investment; Easy compliance; Global recession; Inflation target; Market value accounting; New economy mythology; Security investment; Service trade; Transmission mechanism of capital; Window-dressing; ; | |
Why? |
This book briefs the economic situation in Japan around the turn of the century. Concurrently this book also indicates social philosophical viewpoint to prevent extreme market fundamentalism. |
この本は、世紀の狭間の頃の日本の経済状態の問題点を端的に述べている。と同時に、この小さな本は過激な市場原理主義を食い止めるための社会哲学的な本でもある。 |
Summary |
要約 |
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>Top 0. Collapse of "fundamentalism of market mechanism":
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0.市場原理主義の破綻:
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>Top 1. Long-term Doldrums:
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1.長期停滞現象:
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>Top 2. Globalization and Collapse of Bubble:
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2.グローバリゼーションとバブル崩壊:
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>Top 3. Slow Panic:
But US shows surplus of trade of services.
<- >Top Table-3: Balance of direct investment among quadrupole (US, EU, Japan, and, East Asia). US fills up current balance of payment by capital account. US shows surplus of $24B from EU, and $79B from Japan, while causes deficit of $119B from Latin America, $38B from Canada, and $59B from East Asia.
<- >Top Table-4: Balance of securities investment among quadrupole (US, EU, Japan, and, East Asia). US shows surplus of $214B from EU, $49B from Japan, $77B from East Asia, and $51B even from Latin America. The total inflow of fund to US accumulates $100B in 1992, and $400B in 1996. This is reflux mechanism of world capital.
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3.ゆっくりとしたパニック:
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>Top 4. Bad Loans - fatal injury:
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4.致命傷的な不良債権問題:
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>Top 5. Freak Economic Policy:
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5.迷走する経済政策:
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>Top 6. Beyond Doldrums:
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6.長期停滞を越えて:
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Comment |
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